# Brief Problem Gambling Screen (3-item) (BPGS)

In the past 12 months:  
Yes
No
  1. Have you needed to gamble with larger amounts of money to get the same feeling of excitement?
Yes
No
  1. Have you often gambled longer, with more money, or more frequently than you intended to?
Yes
No
  1. Have you made attempts to either cut down, control, or stop gambling?
Yes
No

About the measure

A "yes" to any of the questions means that the person is at risk for developing a gambling problem; continue with full screen to assess risk level.

If negative, reinforce healthy decisions and continue with appointment.

Measure Characteristics

  • Sensitivity = 0.97
  • Specificity = 0.91
  • Positive predictive value = 0.54
  • Negative predictive value = 0.99

Choosing a screening tool with high sensitivity and specificity is important as it means the questionnaire is able to accurately identify people with problem gambling (high sensitivity) and those with no problem gambling (high specificity).

  • A sensitivity of 97 per cent suggests that the BPGS detects 97 per cent of people with problem gambling (true positives) but that 3 per cent go undetected (false negatives).
  • A specificity of 91 per cent suggests that the BPGS correctly reports 91 per cent of people without problem gambling as negative (true negatives) but that nine per cent without problem gambling are incorrectly identified as positive (false positives).
  • A positive predictive value of 0.54 suggests that 54 per cent of people who screen positive on the BPGS will be identified as a problem gambler.
  • A negative predictive value of .99 suggests that 99 per cent of people who screen negative on the BPGS will be correctly identified as a non-problem gambler.